Hybrid
Enhanced rock weathering in croplands
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) in croplands involves spreading crushed alkaline minerals onto agricultural fields. The natural weathering process of these minerals removes atmospheric carbon to form carbonate species. Dissolved inorganic carbon moves through waterways to the ocean. Given the large volume of available alkaline materials and agricultural land, ERW could scale rapidly as a carbon removal method. However, ERW presents an ecotoxicity risk as many potential mineral feedstocks for ERW contain heavy metals and contaminants that can accumulate at high concentrations in soil and plant matter. Further, the end oceanic bicarbonate sink is geographically remote from fields where minerals are applied, making it difficult for ERW project developers to track stored carbon. Instead, developers typically rely on complex models to estimate carbon dioxide removal for project MRV.
Hybrid
Enhanced rock weathering in croplands
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) in croplands involves spreading crushed alkaline minerals onto agricultural fields. The natural weathering process of these minerals removes atmospheric carbon to form carbonate species. Dissolved inorganic carbon moves through waterways to the ocean. Given the large volume of available alkaline materials and agricultural land, ERW could scale rapidly as a carbon removal method. However, ERW presents an ecotoxicity risk as many potential mineral feedstocks for ERW contain heavy metals and contaminants that can accumulate at high concentrations in soil and plant matter. Further, the end oceanic bicarbonate sink is geographically remote from fields where minerals are applied, making it difficult for ERW project developers to track stored carbon. Instead, developers typically rely on complex models to estimate carbon dioxide removal for project MRV.
Hybrid
Enhanced rock weathering in croplands
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) in croplands involves spreading crushed alkaline minerals onto agricultural fields. The natural weathering process of these minerals removes atmospheric carbon to form carbonate species. Dissolved inorganic carbon moves through waterways to the ocean. Given the large volume of available alkaline materials and agricultural land, ERW could scale rapidly as a carbon removal method. However, ERW presents an ecotoxicity risk as many potential mineral feedstocks for ERW contain heavy metals and contaminants that can accumulate at high concentrations in soil and plant matter. Further, the end oceanic bicarbonate sink is geographically remote from fields where minerals are applied, making it difficult for ERW project developers to track stored carbon. Instead, developers typically rely on complex models to estimate carbon dioxide removal for project MRV.
Enhanced rock weathering
Social harms, benefits, and environmental justice
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Characterize risk of contaminant mobility to soils and groundwater and uptake in crops by quantifying: (1) mineral amendment dissolution rates, and (2) heavy metals concentrations and speciation, where appropriate (e.g., hexavalent chromium).
Quantify the risk of asbestos exposure during mining, processing, transport, and feedstock application.
Document and define safety protocols required for feedstock handling and application, including measures for the individual worker (e.g., personal protective equipment and material working procedures) and project-level measures (e.g., limiting spreading during high-wind conditions).
Mitigate risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Avoid contaminating drinking water supplies.
Document and define safety protocols that use best practices to minimize adverse impacts to local air or water quality.
Notify local stakeholders and communities if adverse local environmental impacts are expected following application (e.g., air quality impacts from mineral application).
Project developers should
Document the impacts of mineral application on crop yield, soil chemistry (e.g., organic carbon, mineral nutrients), and farming practices (e.g., lime and fertilizer application).
Preferentially use source materials that maximize net carbon removal (e.g., existing particle size distribution does not require additional processing and is close to application sites).
Strive to source minerals sustainably, such as using mineral waste that does not require new mining and results in minimal environmental impact to local communities.
Strive to source renewable energy to power operations for mining, grinding, and transporting rocks and minerals.
Social harms, benefits, and environmental justice
Social harms, benefits, and environmental justice
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Characterize risk of contaminant mobility to soils and groundwater and uptake in crops by quantifying: (1) mineral amendment dissolution rates, and (2) heavy metals concentrations and speciation, where appropriate (e.g., hexavalent chromium).
Quantify the risk of asbestos exposure during mining, processing, transport, and feedstock application.
Document and define safety protocols required for feedstock handling and application, including measures for the individual worker (e.g., personal protective equipment and material working procedures) and project-level measures (e.g., limiting spreading during high-wind conditions).
Mitigate risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Avoid contaminating drinking water supplies.
Document and define safety protocols that use best practices to minimize adverse impacts to local air or water quality.
Notify local stakeholders and communities if adverse local environmental impacts are expected following application (e.g., air quality impacts from mineral application).
Project developers should
Document the impacts of mineral application on crop yield, soil chemistry (e.g., organic carbon, mineral nutrients), and farming practices (e.g., lime and fertilizer application).
Preferentially use source materials that maximize net carbon removal (e.g., existing particle size distribution does not require additional processing and is close to application sites).
Strive to source minerals sustainably, such as using mineral waste that does not require new mining and results in minimal environmental impact to local communities.
Strive to source renewable energy to power operations for mining, grinding, and transporting rocks and minerals.
Social harms, benefits, and environmental justice
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Characterize risk of contaminant mobility to soils and groundwater and uptake in crops by quantifying: (1) mineral amendment dissolution rates, and (2) heavy metals concentrations and speciation, where appropriate (e.g., hexavalent chromium).
Quantify the risk of asbestos exposure during mining, processing, transport, and feedstock application.
Document and define safety protocols required for feedstock handling and application, including measures for the individual worker (e.g., personal protective equipment and material working procedures) and project-level measures (e.g., limiting spreading during high-wind conditions).
Mitigate risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Avoid contaminating drinking water supplies.
Document and define safety protocols that use best practices to minimize adverse impacts to local air or water quality.
Notify local stakeholders and communities if adverse local environmental impacts are expected following application (e.g., air quality impacts from mineral application).
Project developers should
Document the impacts of mineral application on crop yield, soil chemistry (e.g., organic carbon, mineral nutrients), and farming practices (e.g., lime and fertilizer application).
Preferentially use source materials that maximize net carbon removal (e.g., existing particle size distribution does not require additional processing and is close to application sites).
Strive to source minerals sustainably, such as using mineral waste that does not require new mining and results in minimal environmental impact to local communities.
Strive to source renewable energy to power operations for mining, grinding, and transporting rocks and minerals.
Social harms, benefits, and environmental justice
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Characterize risk of contaminant mobility to soils and groundwater and uptake in crops by quantifying: (1) mineral amendment dissolution rates, and (2) heavy metals concentrations and speciation, where appropriate (e.g., hexavalent chromium).
Quantify the risk of asbestos exposure during mining, processing, transport, and feedstock application.
Document and define safety protocols required for feedstock handling and application, including measures for the individual worker (e.g., personal protective equipment and material working procedures) and project-level measures (e.g., limiting spreading during high-wind conditions).
Mitigate risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Avoid contaminating drinking water supplies.
Document and define safety protocols that use best practices to minimize adverse impacts to local air or water quality.
Notify local stakeholders and communities if adverse local environmental impacts are expected following application (e.g., air quality impacts from mineral application).
Project developers should
Document the impacts of mineral application on crop yield, soil chemistry (e.g., organic carbon, mineral nutrients), and farming practices (e.g., lime and fertilizer application).
Preferentially use source materials that maximize net carbon removal (e.g., existing particle size distribution does not require additional processing and is close to application sites).
Strive to source minerals sustainably, such as using mineral waste that does not require new mining and results in minimal environmental impact to local communities.
Strive to source renewable energy to power operations for mining, grinding, and transporting rocks and minerals.
Enhanced rock weathering
Environmental harms and benefits
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Quantify heavy metal concentrations in mineral amendments through elemental analysis.
Use the results of elemental analysis as inputs to model the expected heavy metal dissolution and accumulation in the environment.
Monitor any potentially sensitive ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) located downstream from project fields and, when possible, mitigate negative impacts such as rapid pH shifts, heavy metal contamination, or release of other elements through mineral weathering.
Mitigate environmental risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Disclose whether mineral amendments are sourced from mining by-products, existing mines, or new mining activities. In the case of new mining activity, forecast the environmental impact from the new mining activities and include those predictions in an analysis of the project’s net impacts.
Project developers should
Document and, where possible, measure the potential co-benefits of mineral application for adjacent ecosystems, including downstream waterways.
Environmental harms and benefits
Environmental harms and benefits
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Quantify heavy metal concentrations in mineral amendments through elemental analysis.
Use the results of elemental analysis as inputs to model the expected heavy metal dissolution and accumulation in the environment.
Monitor any potentially sensitive ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) located downstream from project fields and, when possible, mitigate negative impacts such as rapid pH shifts, heavy metal contamination, or release of other elements through mineral weathering.
Mitigate environmental risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Disclose whether mineral amendments are sourced from mining by-products, existing mines, or new mining activities. In the case of new mining activity, forecast the environmental impact from the new mining activities and include those predictions in an analysis of the project’s net impacts.
Project developers should
Document and, where possible, measure the potential co-benefits of mineral application for adjacent ecosystems, including downstream waterways.
Environmental harms and benefits
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Quantify heavy metal concentrations in mineral amendments through elemental analysis.
Use the results of elemental analysis as inputs to model the expected heavy metal dissolution and accumulation in the environment.
Monitor any potentially sensitive ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) located downstream from project fields and, when possible, mitigate negative impacts such as rapid pH shifts, heavy metal contamination, or release of other elements through mineral weathering.
Mitigate environmental risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Disclose whether mineral amendments are sourced from mining by-products, existing mines, or new mining activities. In the case of new mining activity, forecast the environmental impact from the new mining activities and include those predictions in an analysis of the project’s net impacts.
Project developers should
Document and, where possible, measure the potential co-benefits of mineral application for adjacent ecosystems, including downstream waterways.
Environmental harms and benefits
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Quantify heavy metal concentrations in mineral amendments through elemental analysis.
Use the results of elemental analysis as inputs to model the expected heavy metal dissolution and accumulation in the environment.
Monitor any potentially sensitive ecosystems (e.g., wetlands) located downstream from project fields and, when possible, mitigate negative impacts such as rapid pH shifts, heavy metal contamination, or release of other elements through mineral weathering.
Mitigate environmental risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Disclose whether mineral amendments are sourced from mining by-products, existing mines, or new mining activities. In the case of new mining activity, forecast the environmental impact from the new mining activities and include those predictions in an analysis of the project’s net impacts.
Project developers should
Document and, where possible, measure the potential co-benefits of mineral application for adjacent ecosystems, including downstream waterways.
Enhanced rock weathering
Additionality and baselines
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide documentation of any revenue streams beyond carbon credits. This includes, for example, revenue from selling project materials for application on croplands as an alternative to lime.
Explain assumptions underlying the project baseline, including assumptions about naturally occurring rates of mineral weathering and initial carbonate mineral content.
Use control plots to measure the baseline soil processes and chemistry on agricultural land, including counterfactual lime application when appropriate.
Project developers should
Characterize inorganic carbon content in mineral feedstocks and document mineral and waste handling practices to justify expectations of zero ambient weathering.
Additionality and baselines
Additionality and baselines
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide documentation of any revenue streams beyond carbon credits. This includes, for example, revenue from selling project materials for application on croplands as an alternative to lime.
Explain assumptions underlying the project baseline, including assumptions about naturally occurring rates of mineral weathering and initial carbonate mineral content.
Use control plots to measure the baseline soil processes and chemistry on agricultural land, including counterfactual lime application when appropriate.
Project developers should
Characterize inorganic carbon content in mineral feedstocks and document mineral and waste handling practices to justify expectations of zero ambient weathering.
Additionality and baselines
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide documentation of any revenue streams beyond carbon credits. This includes, for example, revenue from selling project materials for application on croplands as an alternative to lime.
Explain assumptions underlying the project baseline, including assumptions about naturally occurring rates of mineral weathering and initial carbonate mineral content.
Use control plots to measure the baseline soil processes and chemistry on agricultural land, including counterfactual lime application when appropriate.
Project developers should
Characterize inorganic carbon content in mineral feedstocks and document mineral and waste handling practices to justify expectations of zero ambient weathering.
Additionality and baselines
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide documentation of any revenue streams beyond carbon credits. This includes, for example, revenue from selling project materials for application on croplands as an alternative to lime.
Explain assumptions underlying the project baseline, including assumptions about naturally occurring rates of mineral weathering and initial carbonate mineral content.
Use control plots to measure the baseline soil processes and chemistry on agricultural land, including counterfactual lime application when appropriate.
Project developers should
Characterize inorganic carbon content in mineral feedstocks and document mineral and waste handling practices to justify expectations of zero ambient weathering.
Enhanced rock weathering
Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Characterize risk of contaminant mobility to soils and groundwater and uptake in crops by quantifying: (1) mineral amendment dissolution rates, and (2) heavy metals concentrations and speciation, where appropriate (e.g., hexavalent chromium).
Quantify the risk of asbestos exposure during mining, processing, transport, and feedstock application.
Document and define safety protocols required for feedstock handling and application, including measures for the individual worker (e.g., personal protective equipment and material working procedures) and project-level measures (e.g., limiting spreading during high-wind conditions).
Mitigate risks associated with heavy metals by clearly documenting ongoing quality assurance and quality control processes for sampling and analyzing mineral feedstocks, soils, and plant matter grown on fields where feedstocks have been applied.
Avoid contaminating drinking water supplies.
Document and define safety protocols that use best practices to minimize adverse impacts to local air or water quality.
Notify local stakeholders and communities if adverse local environmental impacts are expected following application (e.g., air quality impacts from mineral application).
Project developers should
Document the impacts of mineral application on crop yield, soil chemistry (e.g., organic carbon, mineral nutrients), and farming practices (e.g., lime and fertilizer application).
Preferentially use source materials that maximize net carbon removal (e.g., existing particle size distribution does not require additional processing and is close to application sites).
Strive to source minerals sustainably, such as using mineral waste that does not require new mining and results in minimal environmental impact to local communities.
Strive to source renewable energy to power operations for mining, grinding, and transporting rocks and minerals.
Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification
Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Ensure that carbon removal claims are consistent with a net carbon-negative outcome based on a cradle-to-grave LCA that includes mineral feedstock processing, transportation, application, and impact on other non-CO₂ GHG sources.
Document the particle size distribution, morphology, and granularity of the material applied to cropland.
Include climate and edaphic factors such as moisture, temperature, and pH in the project region in models of weathering rates.
Use model(s) that are established in peer-reviewed literature and/or other applications with third-party evaluation.
Document how modeling frameworks link biogeochemical and hydrological processes.
Implement modeling best practices, including appropriate calibration and validation with appropriate independent datasets for the variable of interest (carbon drawdown).
These practices have not yet been well defined for ERW. Soil carbon protocols share many of the same proxy measurement and modeling issues and could serve as a reference for developing appropriate sampling plans and modeling approaches.
Document model initialization assumptions and how model uncertainty will be incorporated into conservative carbon removal estimates (e.g., through appropriately conservative deductions for uncertainty).
Estimate losses of carbon back to the atmosphere during transport from the soil column via river networks to the ocean, estimate ultimate carbon storage efficiency, and discount credit volumes appropriately.
Use direct measurements of multiple variables to ground-truth models wherever possible.
Project developers should
Use the best available measurement methods to quantify changes in soil health and any other claimed co-benefits following mineral feedstock application.
Collect data and contribute to key research questions within the field, including far-field zone losses, feedstock impacts on soil organic carbon change, impacts of baseline agricultural lime use, agricultural management impacts on feedstock weathering rates, and agronomic impacts of feedstock application, where possible.
Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Ensure that carbon removal claims are consistent with a net carbon-negative outcome based on a cradle-to-grave LCA that includes mineral feedstock processing, transportation, application, and impact on other non-CO₂ GHG sources.
Document the particle size distribution, morphology, and granularity of the material applied to cropland.
Include climate and edaphic factors such as moisture, temperature, and pH in the project region in models of weathering rates.
Use model(s) that are established in peer-reviewed literature and/or other applications with third-party evaluation.
Document how modeling frameworks link biogeochemical and hydrological processes.
Implement modeling best practices, including appropriate calibration and validation with appropriate independent datasets for the variable of interest (carbon drawdown).
These practices have not yet been well defined for ERW. Soil carbon protocols share many of the same proxy measurement and modeling issues and could serve as a reference for developing appropriate sampling plans and modeling approaches.
Document model initialization assumptions and how model uncertainty will be incorporated into conservative carbon removal estimates (e.g., through appropriately conservative deductions for uncertainty).
Estimate losses of carbon back to the atmosphere during transport from the soil column via river networks to the ocean, estimate ultimate carbon storage efficiency, and discount credit volumes appropriately.
Use direct measurements of multiple variables to ground-truth models wherever possible.
Project developers should
Use the best available measurement methods to quantify changes in soil health and any other claimed co-benefits following mineral feedstock application.
Collect data and contribute to key research questions within the field, including far-field zone losses, feedstock impacts on soil organic carbon change, impacts of baseline agricultural lime use, agricultural management impacts on feedstock weathering rates, and agronomic impacts of feedstock application, where possible.
Measurement, monitoring, reporting, and verification
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Ensure that carbon removal claims are consistent with a net carbon-negative outcome based on a cradle-to-grave LCA that includes mineral feedstock processing, transportation, application, and impact on other non-CO₂ GHG sources.
Document the particle size distribution, morphology, and granularity of the material applied to cropland.
Include climate and edaphic factors such as moisture, temperature, and pH in the project region in models of weathering rates.
Use model(s) that are established in peer-reviewed literature and/or other applications with third-party evaluation.
Document how modeling frameworks link biogeochemical and hydrological processes.
Implement modeling best practices, including appropriate calibration and validation with appropriate independent datasets for the variable of interest (carbon drawdown).
These practices have not yet been well defined for ERW. Soil carbon protocols share many of the same proxy measurement and modeling issues and could serve as a reference for developing appropriate sampling plans and modeling approaches.
Document model initialization assumptions and how model uncertainty will be incorporated into conservative carbon removal estimates (e.g., through appropriately conservative deductions for uncertainty).
Estimate losses of carbon back to the atmosphere during transport from the soil column via river networks to the ocean, estimate ultimate carbon storage efficiency, and discount credit volumes appropriately.
Use direct measurements of multiple variables to ground-truth models wherever possible.
Project developers should
Use the best available measurement methods to quantify changes in soil health and any other claimed co-benefits following mineral feedstock application.
Collect data and contribute to key research questions within the field, including far-field zone losses, feedstock impacts on soil organic carbon change, impacts of baseline agricultural lime use, agricultural management impacts on feedstock weathering rates, and agronomic impacts of feedstock application, where possible.
Enhanced rock weathering
Durability
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide a durability term that is supported by the MRV plan, and that accounts for the expected reactions and subsequent transport of aqueous ions to ocean storage.
List carbon release risk scenarios for both precipitated and dissolved carbon (these risks should be reflected in MRV plans).
Durability
Durability
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide a durability term that is supported by the MRV plan, and that accounts for the expected reactions and subsequent transport of aqueous ions to ocean storage.
List carbon release risk scenarios for both precipitated and dissolved carbon (these risks should be reflected in MRV plans).
Durability
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide a durability term that is supported by the MRV plan, and that accounts for the expected reactions and subsequent transport of aqueous ions to ocean storage.
List carbon release risk scenarios for both precipitated and dissolved carbon (these risks should be reflected in MRV plans).
Durability
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Provide a durability term that is supported by the MRV plan, and that accounts for the expected reactions and subsequent transport of aqueous ions to ocean storage.
List carbon release risk scenarios for both precipitated and dissolved carbon (these risks should be reflected in MRV plans).
Enhanced rock weathering
Leakage
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Document the impact of applied minerals on crop yields. Quantify and deduct for leakage if yields decline because of project activities.
Project developers should
Provide an elemental analysis that quantifies the amount of rare earth elements and critical minerals in the mineral application to avoid diverting resources away from other applications, like the supply chain for renewable energy.
Identify alternative uses of feedstock and determine the best use in terms of GHG impact.
Quantify the impact of the project on land use when project infrastructure requires undisturbed or high-value land.
Leakage
Leakage
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Document the impact of applied minerals on crop yields. Quantify and deduct for leakage if yields decline because of project activities.
Project developers should
Provide an elemental analysis that quantifies the amount of rare earth elements and critical minerals in the mineral application to avoid diverting resources away from other applications, like the supply chain for renewable energy.
Identify alternative uses of feedstock and determine the best use in terms of GHG impact.
Quantify the impact of the project on land use when project infrastructure requires undisturbed or high-value land.
Leakage
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Document the impact of applied minerals on crop yields. Quantify and deduct for leakage if yields decline because of project activities.
Project developers should
Provide an elemental analysis that quantifies the amount of rare earth elements and critical minerals in the mineral application to avoid diverting resources away from other applications, like the supply chain for renewable energy.
Identify alternative uses of feedstock and determine the best use in terms of GHG impact.
Quantify the impact of the project on land use when project infrastructure requires undisturbed or high-value land.
Leakage
Enhanced rock weathering
These criteria build on and extend the considerations included under the essential principles for high-quality CDR.
Project developers must
Document the impact of applied minerals on crop yields. Quantify and deduct for leakage if yields decline because of project activities.
Project developers should
Provide an elemental analysis that quantifies the amount of rare earth elements and critical minerals in the mineral application to avoid diverting resources away from other applications, like the supply chain for renewable energy.
Identify alternative uses of feedstock and determine the best use in terms of GHG impact.
Quantify the impact of the project on land use when project infrastructure requires undisturbed or high-value land.
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